Clinical criteria for the definition of refractory septic shock: a joint Delphi consensus from the Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM). Leone M, Myatra SN, Dugar S, Wieruszewski PM, Russell L, Evans L, Delamarre L, Sharif S, Chew MS, Gong MN, Hernández G, Schorr C, Lakbar I, Smith SE, Martin-Loeches I, Annane D, Balik M, Cecconi M, De Backer D, Donadello K, Dünser MW, Einav S, Ferrer R, Juffermans N, Hamzaoui O, Landoni G, Levy B, McKenzie C, Monnet X, Ostermann M, Spies C, Singer M, Theodorakopulou M, Topeli A, Barreto E, Bauer SR, Busse LW, Coopersmith CM, Deutschman C, Holder AL, Kamaleswaran R, Legrand M, Martin GS, Maves RC, Nazer L, Nunnally ME, Prescott HC, Rincon T, Sacha GL, Seymour CW, Arabi YM, Besen BAMP, Cavalcanti AB, Deane AM, Finfer S, Hammond N, Ibarra-Estrada M, Kattan E, Kotani Y, Machado FR, Ospina-Tascón GA, Mer M, Young PJ, Rochwerg B, Khanna AK. Intensive Care Med. 2026 Mar;
Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2026. Prescott HC, Antonelli M, Alhazzani W, Møller MH, Alshamsi F, Azevedo LCP, Belley-Cote E, De Waele J, Derde L, Dionne JC, Evans L, Gershengorn HB, Hodgson CL, Honarmand K, Kesecioglu J, McIntyre L, Mer M, Nunnally ME, Oczkowski SJW, Rochwerg B, Akinola OO, Akuamoah-Boateng KA, Alberto L, Angus DC, Arabi YM, Azoulay E, Cecconi M, Convocar PF, De Pascale G, Doi K, Du B, Egi M, Elie-Turenne MC, Ferrer R, Fox-Robichaud A, French C, Freund Y, Gong MN, Hale CP, Hammond NE, Hashmi M, Heunks L, Iwashyna TJ, Jacob ST, Klompas M, Kwizera A, Leeies M, Lejnieks JD, Levy MM, Machado FR, Maia MO, Masur H, Maves RC, McGloughlin S, McPeake J, Mohr NM, Myatra SN, Ostermann M, Peake SL, Pletz MW, Roberts JA, Rosa RG, Sawyer RG, Schorr CA, Simpson SQ, Weng L, Wiersinga WJ, Rhodes A, Coopersmith CM. Crit Care Med. 2026 Apr; 54(4):725-812.
